Jump to content

Newton, Massachusetts

Coordinates: 42°20′13″N 71°12′35″W / 42.33694°N 71.20972°W / 42.33694; -71.20972
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Newton (MA))

Newton, Massachusetts
City
City of Newton
City Hall
City Hall
Flag of Newton, Massachusetts
Flag
Official seal of Newton, Massachusetts
Seal
Nickname: 
"The Garden City"
Motto(s): 
"Liberty and Union"
Location in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Location in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Newton, Massachusetts is located in Massachusetts
Newton, Massachusetts
Newton, Massachusetts
Location in the United States
Newton, Massachusetts is located in the United States
Newton, Massachusetts
Newton, Massachusetts
Newton, Massachusetts (the United States)
Newton, Massachusetts is located in North America
Newton, Massachusetts
Newton, Massachusetts
Newton, Massachusetts (North America)
Coordinates: 42°20′13″N 71°12′35″W / 42.33694°N 71.20972°W / 42.33694; -71.20972
CountryUnited States
StateMassachusetts
CountyMiddlesex
Settled1630
Incorporated (Town)1681
Incorporated (City)1874
Government
 • TypeMayor–council
 • MayorRuthanne Fuller[1]
Area
[2]
 • Total18.16 sq mi (47.03 km2)
 • Land17.83 sq mi (46.17 km2)
 • Water0.33 sq mi (0.86 km2)
Elevation
100 ft (30 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total88,923
 • Density4,987.83/sq mi (1,925.84/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP Codes
02458–02462, 02464–02468
Area code617/857
FIPS code25-45560
GNIS feature ID0617675
Websitewww.newtonma.gov

Newton is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is roughly 8 miles (13 km) west of downtown Boston, and comprises a patchwork of thirteen villages. The city borders Boston to the northeast and southeast (via the neighborhoods of Brighton and West Roxbury), Brookline to the east, Watertown and Waltham to the north, and Weston, Wellesley, and Needham to the west. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Newton was 88,923.[3]

Newton is home to the Charles River, Crystal Lake, and Heartbreak Hill, among other landmarks. It is served by several streets and highways (including Route 9, Hammond Pond Parkway, and the Mass Pike), as well as the Green Line D branch run by the MBTA.

Historically, the area that is now Newton was settled in 1639, and was originally first part of Cambridge (then called "the newe towne"). It split from Cambridge in 1681, and became known by its present name of Newton in 1766. It then became a city in 1874.

History

[edit]

17th century

[edit]

Newton was originally part of "the newe towne", which was settled in 1630 and renamed Cambridge in 1638. The first English settlement of what is now Newton began in 1639. Roxbury minister John Eliot persuaded the Native American people of Nonantum, a sub-tribe of the Massachusett led by a sachem named Waban, to relocate to Natick in 1651, fearing that they would be exploited by colonists.[4] Newton was incorporated as a separate town, known as Cambridge Village, on December 15, 1681, then renamed Newtown in 1691, and finally Newton in 1766.[5] It became a city on January 5, 1874. Newton is known as The Garden City.

In the early 1600s, Watertown had claimed a large area of land on the south side of the Charles River (modern-day Newton). They gave it up to Newtown, except for a strip "two hundred rods long and sixty rods wide" to "protect their fishing privileges".[6]: 82 

18th century

[edit]

In Reflections in Bullough's Pond, Newton historian Diana Muir describes the early industries that developed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in a series of mills built to take advantage of the water power available at Newton Upper Falls and Newton Lower Falls. Snuff, chocolate, glue, paper and other products were produced in these small mills but, according to Muir, the water power available in Newton was not sufficient to turn Newton into a manufacturing city, although it was, beginning in 1902, the home of the Stanley Motor Carriage Company, the maker of the Stanley Steamer.[citation needed]

19th century

[edit]

Nineteenth-century Newton, following the American Civil War, was a patchwork of villages. The northern villages of Auburndale, Newton Corner, Newtonville, and West Newton were the most affluent.[7]: 248  In contrast, both Waban and Chestnut Hill were sparsely populated.[7]: 249 

Several village-based "improvement societies" were founded by residents between 1878 and 1904. No citywide improvement society was ever founded.[7]: 249–250 

Newton, according to Muir, became one of North America's earliest commuter suburbs. The Boston and Worcester, one of North America's earliest railroads, reached West Newton in 1834. Wealthy Bostonian businessmen took advantage of the new commuting opportunity offered by the railroad, building gracious homes on erstwhile farmland of West Newton hill and on Commonwealth street. Muir points out that these early commuters needed sufficient wealth to employ a groom and keep horses, to drive them from their hilltop homes to the station.[citation needed]

20th century

[edit]

Further suburbanization came in waves. One wave began with the streetcar lines that made many parts of Newton accessible for commuters in the late nineteenth century. The next wave came in the 1920s when automobiles became affordable to a growing upper middle class. Even then, however, Oak Hill continued to be farmed, mostly market gardening, until the prosperity of the 1950s made all of Newton more densely settled.[citation needed]

21st century

[edit]

Two of the 9/11 hijackers stayed in Newton the night before the attack. The hijackers of American Airlines Flight 11 spent their last night in Newton's Park Inn, an economy motel across the street from the Chestnut Hill Mall and within walking distance of The Atrium.[8]

Runners in the 2024 Boston Marathon pass through the intersection of Commonwealth Avenue and Walnut Street in Newton

Each April on Patriots' Day, the Boston Marathon is run through the city, entering from Wellesley on Route 16 (Washington Street) where runners encounter the first of the four infamous Newton Hills. It then turns right onto Route 30 (Commonwealth Avenue) for the long haul into Boston. There are two more hills before reaching Centre Street, and then the fourth and most noted, Heartbreak Hill, rises shortly after Centre Street. Residents and visitors line the race route along Washington Street and Commonwealth Avenue to cheer the runners.

Geography

[edit]
Newton Centre's Union Street in 2007

Newton is a suburban city approximately 7 mi (11 km) from downtown Boston, in Middlesex County. It is also bordered by Waltham and Watertown on the north, Needham and the West Roxbury neighborhood of Boston on the south, Wellesley and Weston on the west, and Brookline and the Brighton neighborhood of Boston on the east.

The Charles River flows along the north and west parts of Newton, and Route 128 passes through the western part of the city.

The Mass Pike passes through the more urbanized northern section of the city before heading into Boston. Additional major highways in Newton include Route 9, serving the southern parts of the city, and Hammond Pond Parkway, which is the main north–south route through Chestnut Hill and provides access to Brookline and West Roxbury.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.2 square miles (47.1 km2), of which 18.0 square miles (46.6 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km2) (0.82%) is water.

Geological history

[edit]
Main article: List of stratigraphic units and structural features in Massachusetts

Geologically Newton located within topographic lowland the Boston Basin of the Appalachian Mountain chain.[9][10] This lowland is surrounded by a ring of highland drumlins which were left after the last glaciation twelve thousand years ago.[11][12]

There are several unique outcroppings of rocks around Newton where geologic history revealing of how territory have formed and has changed over the past hundreds millions of years of drift supercontinents and ancient oceans, earthquake activity associated with volcanism and related faulting activity and changing climate. There are mainly three types of bedrock: Roxbury Conglomerate, Cambridge Argillite or Slate, and Brighton Volcanics and the Mattapan Volcanics pre-Cambrian foundation of Dedham Granodiorite. The Boston Border Fault and the Shawmut anticline of Newton formed as the alpine mountains of east-central Massachusetts were created.[13][14][15][16][17][18] Unique outcroppings rocks exposure has steadily declined as Newton area has become increasingly developed.

Topography

[edit]

Newton has grown around a formation of seven hills. "The general features of Newton are not without interest. Seven principal elevations mark its surface, like the seven hills of ancient Rome, with the difference that the seven hills of Newton are much more distinct than the seven hills of Rome: Nonantum Hill, Waban Hill, Chestnut Hill, Bald Pate Hill, Oak Hill, Institution Hill and Mount Ida."[19]

Villages

[edit]
Main article: List of villages in Newton, Massachusetts

Rather than having a single city center, Newton is a patchwork of thirteen villages, many boasting small downtown areas of their own. The 13 villages are: Auburndale, Chestnut Hill, Newton Centre, Newton Corner, Newton Highlands, Newton Lower Falls, Newton Upper Falls (both on the Charles River, and both former small industrial sites), Newtonville, Nonantum (also known as Silver Lake or "The Lake"), Oak Hill, Thompsonville, Waban and West Newton. Oak Hill Park is a place within the village of Oak Hill that itself is shown as a separate and distinct village on some city maps (including a map dated 2010 on the official City of Newton website),[20] and Four Corners is also shown as a village on some city maps. Although most of the villages have a post office, they have no legal definition and no firmly defined borders. This village-based system often causes some confusion with addresses and for first-time visitors.[21]

Climate

[edit]

The record low temperature was −21 °F (−29 °C) in February 1934; the record high temperature was 101 °F (38 °C) in August 1975.[22]

Climate data for Newton, Massachusetts
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 68
(20) 		68
(20) 		89
(32) 		94
(34) 		93
(34) 		99
(37) 		100
(38) 		101
(38) 		99
(37) 		88
(31) 		81
(27) 		74
(23) 		101
(38)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 34
(1) 		37
(3) 		44
(7) 		56
(13) 		66
(19) 		76
(24) 		82
(28) 		79
(26) 		72
(22) 		60
(16) 		50
(10) 		39
(4) 		58
(14)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 17
(−8) 		19
(−7) 		27
(−3) 		38
(3) 		48
(9) 		57
(14) 		63
(17) 		62
(17) 		55
(13) 		43
(6) 		34
(1) 		24
(−4) 		41
(5)
Record low °F (°C) −14
(−26) 		−21
(−29) 		−5
(−21) 		6
(−14) 		27
(−3) 		36
(2) 		44
(7) 		39
(4) 		28
(−2) 		20
(−7) 		5
(−15) 		−19
(−28) 		−21
(−29)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.35
(110) 		4.24
(108) 		5.58
(142) 		4.55
(116) 		4.11
(104) 		4.31
(109) 		4.02
(102) 		4.03
(102) 		4.06
(103) 		4.69
(119) 		4.76
(121) 		4.89
(124) 		53.59
(1,360)
Source: [22]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
17901,360—    
18001,491+9.6%
18101,709+14.6%
18201,850+8.3%
18302,376+28.4%
18403,351+41.0%
18505,258+56.9%
18608,382+59.4%
187012,825+53.0%
188016,995+32.5%
189024,379+43.4%
190033,587+37.8%
191039,806+18.5%
192046,054+15.7%
193065,276+41.7%
194069,873+7.0%
195081,994+17.3%
196092,384+12.7%
197091,263−1.2%
198083,622−8.4%
199082,585−1.2%
200083,829+1.5%
201085,146+1.6%
202088,923+4.4%
2022*87,381−1.7%
* = population estimate.
Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data.[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]
Source:
U.S. Decennial Census[3]

2020 census

[edit]
Newton, Massachusetts – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[35] Pop 2010[36] Pop 2020[37] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 72,388 67,801 62,303 86.35% 79.63% 70.06%
Black or African American alone (NH) 1,584 2,008 2,554 1.89% 2.36% 2.87%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 43 56 49 0.05% 0.07% 0.06%
Asian alone (NH) 6,415 9,759 14,681 7.65% 11.46% 16.51%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 18 18 25 0.02% 0.02% 0.03%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 213 294 765 0.25% 0.35% 0.86%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) 1,057 1,734 4,053 1.26% 2.04% 4.56%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 2,111 3,476 4,493 2.52% 4.08% 5.05%
Total 83,829 85,146 88,923 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the census[38] of 2010, there were 85,146 people, 32,648 households, and 20,499 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,643.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,792.9/km2). There were 32,112 housing units at an average density of 1,778.8 per square mile (686.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 79.6% White, 11.5% Asian, 2.5% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.71% from other races, and 1.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 4.1% of the population (0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.6% Mexican, 0.4% Colombian, 0.3% Guatemalan, 0.3% Argentine). (2010 Census Report: Census report Quickfacts.com)

Newton, along with neighboring Brookline, is known for its significant Jewish and Asian populations. The Jewish population as of 2002 was estimated to be 28,002.[39]

There were 31,201 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. Of all households, 25.5% were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. As of the 2008 US Census, the average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city, 21.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.3% was from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $107,696, and the median income for a family was $136,843. Males had a median income of $95,387 versus $60,520 for females. The per capita income for the city was $56,163. About 3.6% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.2% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.[40]

As of 2015, 21.9% of the residents of Newton had been born outside of the United States.[41]

Economy

[edit]

Newton's largest employers include Boston College and Newton-Wellesley Hospital. Companies based in Newton include TechTarget, CyberArk and Upromise. Until July 2015, Newton was also home to the global headquarters of TripAdvisor, the world's largest travel site, reaching nearly 280 million unique monthly visitors.[42] TripAdvisor moved into a newly built headquarters in neighboring Needham.[43]

Income

[edit]
See also: List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income

Data is from the 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.[44][45][46]

Rank ZIP code (ZCTA) Per capita
income 		Median
household
income 		Median
family
income 		Population Number of
households
1 02468 $86,528 $201,731 $213,958 5,267 1,868
2 02465 $75,857 $139,763 $163,898 11,673 4,251
3 02462 $74,279 $83,438 $211,779 1,412 682
4 02459 $71,128 $133,801 $173,613 18,339 6,694
Newton $63,872 $119,148 $154,787 86,241 31,295
5 02460 $61,686 $102,276 $139,917 9,046 3,625
6 02461 $61,088 $122,283 $146,343 6,808 2,526
7 02458 $59,071 $95,216 $132,207 11,602 4,791
8 02467 $55,288 $115,493 $151,495 23,092 6,575
9 02464 $51,744 $81,771 $83,816 2,947 1,337
10 02466 $47,551 $105,893 $131,705 9,105 3,098
Middlesex County $42,861 $82,090 $104,032 1,522,533 581,120
Massachusetts $35,763 $66,866 $84,900 6,605,058 2,530,147
United States $28,155 $53,046 $64,719 311,536,594 115,610,216

Arts and culture

[edit]

The city is home to two symphony orchestras, the New Philharmonia Orchestra of Massachusetts[47][48] and the Newton Symphony Orchestra.[49] The Joanne Langione Dance Center, an American youth dance school was founded in 1976.[50]

Points of interest

[edit]
  • Crystal Lake is a 33-acre (13 ha) natural lake located in Newton Centre. Its shores, mostly lined with private homes, also host two small parks, a designated swimming area, and a bathhouse. Previously known as Wiswall's Pond, it became known as Crystal Lake sometime between 1855 and 1875. The name was given by a nineteenth-century commercial ice harvester that sold ice cut from the pond in winter.
  • The Jackson Homestead, now the Newton History Museum at the Jackson Homesxtead, is best known for its history as a stop on the Underground Railroad. It was built in 1809 as a farmhouse designed in the Federal style, and is now a museum with paintings, costumes, photographs, manuscripts, maps and historical artifacts.[51]
  • Heartbreak Hill, notably challenging stretch of the Boston Marathon, on Commonwealth Avenue between Centre Street and Boston College.[52]
  • Newton is home to many exclusive golf courses such as Woodland Country Club, Charles River Country Club, and Brae Burn Country Club, which held the United States Open in 1919.
  • City Stable and Garage, historic building
  • The John A. Fenno House is a historic house at 171 Lowell Avenue, built c. 1854, and a rare local example of Gothic Revival styling.
  • The House at 173–175 Ward Street is one of the city's few Federal style houses, built c. 1800
  • Echo Bridge is a notable 19th-century masonry arch bridge[53] with views of the river and Hemlock Gorge in Hemlock Gorge Reservation just off Route 9 in Newton Upper Falls.
  • Norumbega Park was located in Auburndale on the Charles River. Opening in 1897 as a trolley park, it was a popular amusement park through the 1950s before closing in 1963. Its Totem Pole Ballroom became a well-known dancing and entertainment venue for big bands touring during the 1940s. The park is now a popular dog-walking site with hills, meadows, woods, and access to the river.
Chestnut Hill Reservoir
  • Auburndale Cove is a multipurpose picnic and recreational area on the Charles River just down the walking path from Norumbega Park.[54][55]
  • Chestnut Hill Reservoir is a very popular park with residents of Newton, Brookline, and the Brighton section of Boston. Although completely within the Boston city limits, it is directly contiguous to the Newton city limits. Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of Central Park in New York City and the Emerald Necklace in Boston, the park offers beautiful views of the Boston skyline, and is framed by stately homes and the campus of Boston College. Although not generally used to supply water to Boston, the reservoir was temporarily brought back online on May 1, 2010, during a failure of a connecting pipe at the end of the MetroWest Water Supply Tunnel.
  • Bullough's Pond is an old mill pond transformed into a landscape feature when Newton became a suburban community in the late nineteenth century.[56] It has been the subject of two books, Reflections in Bullough's Pond: Economy and Ecosystem in New England, by Diana Muir, and Once Around Bullough's Pond: A Native American Epic, by Douglas Worth. It was long maintained by the city as an ice skating venue, but skating is no longer allowed. A scene from the 2008 remake of The Women was filmed there.
  • The city of Newton has designated several roads in the city as "scenic". Along with this designation come regulations aimed at curbing tree removal and trimming along the roads, as well as stemming the removal of historic stone walls.[57] The city designated the following as scenic roads: Hobart Rd., Waban Ave., Sumner St., Chestnut St., Concord St., Dudley Rd., Fuller St., Hammond St., Valentine St., Lake Ave., Highland St., and Brookside Ave.[58]
  • The First Baptist Church in Newton Centre, constructed in 1888, was designed by John Lyman Faxon in the Richardsonian Romanesque style pioneered by architect Henry Hobson Richardson.[59]
  • The WHDH-TV tower is one of the tallest free-standing lattice towers in the United States.[60]

Government

[edit]
Newton Public Library

City

[edit]

Newton has an elected strong mayor-council form of government. The council is called the City Council. The mayor is Ruthanne Fuller. Fuller is the first woman to be elected Mayor of Newton.

The elected officials are:

  • Mayor: Ruthanne Fuller, the city's chief executive officer and appoints the Chief Administrative Officer.
  • The City Council, Newton's legislative branch of municipal government, is made up of 24 members – sixteen Councilors-at-large and eight Ward Councilors. Councilors are elected every two years.

As of November 2023, the makeup of the City Council is:[61]

Ward Ward Councilor At-large Councilor At-large Councilor
1 Maria Scibelli Greenberg Alison Leary John Oliver
2 David Micley Tarik Lucas Susan Albright
3 Julia Malakie Andrea Kelley Pam Wright
4 Randy Block Lenny Gentile Joshua Krintzman
5 Bill Humphrey Andreae Downs Rena Getz
6 Martha Bixby Alan Lobovits Vicki Danberg
7 R. Lisle Baker Rebecca Walker-Grossman Marc Laredo
8 Stephen Farrell Rick Lipof David Kalis

Newton's school committee decides policies and budget for Newton Public Schools. It has nine voting members, consisting of the Mayor of Newton and eight at-large Ward representatives, who are elected.[62]

County

[edit]

Mismanagement of Middlesex County's public hospital in the mid-1990s left the county on the brink of insolvency, and in 1997 the Massachusetts legislature stepped in by assuming all assets and obligations of the county. The government of Middlesex County was officially abolished on July 11, 1997. The sheriff and some other regional officials with specific duties are still elected locally to perform duties within the county region, but there is no county council or commission. However, communities are now granted the right to form their own regional compacts for sharing services.

These are the remaining elected officers for Middlesex County:

State

[edit]

House of Representatives:

  • John J. Lawn, Democrat of Watertown: Tenth Middlesex District, includes Precincts 1 and 4 of Ward 1, Newton.[68]
  • Kay Khan, Democrat of Newton: Eleventh Middlesex District, includes precincts 2 and 3 of Ward 1, All precincts in Wards 2, 3 and 4 and precinct 2 of Ward 7, Newton.[69]
  • Ruth Balser Democrat of Newton: Twelfth Middlesex District, includes all precincts in Wards 5 and 6, precincts 1, 3 and 4 of Ward 7; and all precincts in Ward 8, Newton.[70]

Senate:

Federal

[edit]

Congress

Newton town vote by[72]
party in presidential elections
Year Democratic Republican
2020 81.3% 40,907 16.6% 8,357
2016 77.6% 36,463 16.5% 7,764
2012 71.3% 32,099 27.0% 12,154
2008 75.0% 33,360 23.1% 10,283
2004 75.2% 32,061 23.5% 10,025
2000 73.0% 29,918 19.8% 8,132
1996 73.5% 30,005 20.8% 8,499
1992 65.2% 29,136 21.5% 9,623
1988 66.8% 29,039 32.0% 13,892
1984 62.7% 27,343 37.1% 16,184
1980 45.8% 20,173 35.4% 15,621
1976 55.5% 25,116 40.6% 18,372
1972 60.0% 27,470 39.7% 18,172
1968[73] 67.8% 29,427 29.8% 12,936
1964[74] 77.0% 34,854 22.4% 10,124
1960[75] 51.0% 24,482 48.7% 23,421
1956[76] 36.0% 16,650 63.9% 29,546
1952[77] 31.8% 14,492 68.0% 31,087
1948[78] 33.8% 13,349 64.1% 25,292
1944[79] 35.0% 13,670 64.8% 25,268
1940[80] 31.6% 12,101 67.7% 25,629
1936[81] 31.1% 10,634 64.2% 21,936
1932[82] 31.9% 9,514 66.6% 19,892
1928[83] 36.3% 10,438 62.9% 18,074
1924[84] 19.2% 3,836 73.8% 14,738
1920[85] 22.6% 3,689 75.9% 12,407
1916[86] 35.5% 2,585 63.2% 4,605
1912[87] 31.7% 2,022 39.5% 2,515
1908[88] 25.5% 1,470 70.4% 4,053
1904[89] 30.7% 1,658 67.0% 3,613
1900[90] 28.0% 1,328 69.4% 3,294
1896[91] 11.8% 525 80.5% 3,570
1892[92] 40.1% 1,673 58.0% 2,416
1888[93] 39.0% 1,404 57.9% 2,086
1884[94] 38.5% 1,158 52.9% 1,594
1880[95] 26.4% 715 73.2% 1,985
1876[96] 32.0% 832 68.0% 1771
1872[97] 18.3% 285 81.7% 1,272
1868[98] 23.7% 372 76.3% 1,200
Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of October 17, 2018[99]
Party Number of Voters Percentage
Democratic 25,517 42.30%
Republican 4,110 6.81%
Unaffiliated 30,183 50.03%
Libertarian 120 0.20%
Total 60,323 100%

Education

[edit]

Public schools

[edit]
A panoramic view of Newton North High School

Public education is provided by Newton Public Schools.

Elementary

[edit]
  • Angier Elementary School
  • Bowen Elementary School
  • Burr Elementary School
  • Cabot Elementary School
  • Countryside Elementary School
  • Franklin Elementary School
  • Horace Mann Elementary School
  • Lincoln Eliot Elementary School
  • Mason Rice Elementary School
  • Memorial Spaulding Elementary School
  • Peirce Elementary School
  • Underwood Elementary School
  • Ward Elementary School
  • Williams Elementary School
  • Zervas Elementary School

Middle schools

[edit]
  • Bigelow Middle School
  • Brown Middle School
  • Oak Hill Middle School
  • F.A. Day Middle School

High schools

[edit]

Private schools

[edit]

Higher education

[edit]

Colleges and universities located in Newton include:

Former colleges

[edit]

Newton Junior College

[edit]

Newton Junior College, operated by the Newton Public Schools, opened in 1946 to serve the needs of returning veterans who otherwise would not have been able to continue their education due to the overcrowding of colleges and universities at that time. It used the facilities of Newton High School (now Newton North High School) until its own adjacent campus was built. It closed in 1976 due to declining enrollment and increased costs.[107] The availability of such places as UMass Boston contributed to its demise. According to the city, its former campus is now "Claflin Park," a 25-unit multi-family development.

Others

[edit]

Other former colleges include Aquinas College (1961–1999), Mount Alvernia College (1959–1973), Mount Ida College (1899–2018), and Newton College of the Sacred Heart (1946–1975). Andover Newton Theological School relocated to New Haven, Connecticut (1807–2017).[107]

Media

[edit]

News

[edit]

The city's community newspaper The Newton TAB, a weekly print paper published by the Community Newspaper Company, and owned by Gatehouse Media, ceased print publication in May 2022.[108] The Newton Patch covers daily local news out of Newton and offers a platform for locals to post opinion, events, news tips and blogs on the community online platform as well.[109] The Newton Voice. The Newton community is also served by its high school publications, including Newton North High School's Newtonite and Newton South High School's Lion's Roar and Denebola. Fig City News is a free, online community news resource founded by resident volunteers to cover local news and community events in Newton.[110] The Boston Globe occasionally covers Newton.

Television

[edit]

Residents of Newton have access to a state-of-the-art television studio and community media center, NewTV, located at 23 Needham Street in Newton Highlands. Newton is also home to NECN, a regional news network owned by NBC.

Radio

[edit]

From 1968 to 2017, the studios and transmitter of WNTN AM-1550 were on Rumford Avenue in Auburndale.

Infrastructure

[edit]

Hospital

[edit]

Newton-Wellesley Hospital is located at 2014 Washington Street in Newton. U.S. News & World Report ranks the hospital 13th best in the Boston metro area.

Transportation

[edit]

Newton is well-served by three modes of mass transit run by the MBTA: light rail, commuter rail, and bus service. The Green Line D branch, (also known as the Riverside branch) is a light rail line running through the center of the city that makes very frequent trips to downtown Boston, ranging from 10 to 30 minutes away. The Green Line B branch ends across from Boston College on Commonwealth Avenue, virtually at the border of Boston's Brighton neighborhood and the City of Newton (an area which encompasses an unincorporated suburban village referred to as Chestnut Hill). The MBTA Worcester commuter rail, serving the northern villages of Newton that are proximate to Waltham, offers less frequent service to Boston. It runs from every half-an-hour during peak times to every couple of hours otherwise. The northern villages are also served by frequent express buses that go to downtown Boston via the Massachusetts Turnpike as well as Waltham.

Newton Centre, which is centered around the MBTA station of the same name, has been lauded as an example of transit-oriented development.[111]

The Massachusetts Turnpike (Interstate 90), which basically follows the old Boston and Albany Railroad main line right-of-way, runs east and west through Newton, while Route 128 (Interstate 95) slices through the extreme western part of the city in the Lower Falls area. Route 30 (Commonwealth Avenue), Route 16 (Watertown Street west to West Newton, where it follows Washington Street west) and route 9 (Worcester Turnpike or Boylston Street) also run east and west through the city. Another major Boston (and Brookline) street, Beacon Street, runs west from the Boston city line to Washington Street west of the hospital, where it terminates at Washington Street.

There are no major north–south roads through Newton: every north–south street in Newton terminates within Newton at one end or the other. The only possible exception is Needham Street, which is north–south at the border between Newton and Needham, but it turns east and becomes Dedham Street, and when it reaches the Boston border, it goes south-east.

There are some north–south streets that are important to intra-Newton traveling. Centre Street runs south from the Watertown town line to Newton Highlands, where it becomes Winchester Street and terminates at Nahanton Street. Walnut Street runs south from Newtonville, where it starts at Crafts Street, down to Newton Highlands, where it ends at Dedham Street.[112]

Public safety

[edit]

The City of Newton Police Department has 139 sworn officers. The Newton Fire Department is fully paid and operates six engine companies, three ladder companies, and one rescue company from six stations.[citation needed]

Notable people

[edit]
Main article: List of people from Newton, Massachusetts

Cemeteries

[edit]
[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]

Newton is currently twinned with:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Levin, Andy. "Ruthanne Fuller sworn in as Newton's mayor". Newton TAB. Archived from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  2. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
  3. ^ a b "U.S. Census Bureau Quickfacts: United States". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 16, 2021. Cite error: The named reference "United States Census Bureau" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ McAdow, Ron (1992). The Charles River. Marlborough, MA: Bliss Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 171–174. ISBN 0-9625144-1-1.
  5. ^ Ritter, Priscilla R.; Thelma Fleishman (1982). Newton, Massachusetts 1679–1779: A Biographical Directory. New England Historic Genealogical Society.
  6. ^ Smith, Samuel Francis (1880). History of Newton, Massachusetts: Town and City, from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, 1630-1880. American Logotype Company.
  7. ^ a b c Spiers, John H. (2011). "Landscaping the Garden City: Transportation, Utilities, and Parks in Newton, Massachusetts, 1874-1915". Historical Geography – via Wikipedia Library.
  8. ^ Der Spiegel (April 1, 2007). Inside 9-11: What Really Happened. St. Martin's Publishing Group.
  9. ^ Geology of Newton by James W. Skehan, S.J. and Catherine W. Barton
  10. ^ Boston, Mailing Address: 15 State Street 4th Floor; Us, MA 02109 Phone: 617 223-8666 Contact. "Geologic Formations - Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved January 9, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "Bathymetric Data Viewer". www.ncei.noaa.gov. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
  12. ^ "Glaciers and Boston". bostongeology.com. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
  13. ^ "History". The Geologic History of Newton, MA. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
  14. ^ Share, Dr Jack (March 13, 2011). "Written In Stone...seen through my lens: Architectural Geology of Boston: The Roxbury Conglomerate (Puddingstone) Part I – The Tectonic Evolution and Journey of Avalonia". Written In Stone...seen through my lens. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
  15. ^ "Written In Stone...seen through my lens". written-in-stone-seen-through-my-lens.blogspot.com. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
  16. ^ Thompson, Margaret. "Bedrock geologic map of the Newton 7.5' quadrangle, Middlesex, Norfolk and Suffolk counties, Massachusetts". mgs.geo.umass.edu. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
  17. ^ Introduction to the Bedrock Geology of Newton
  18. ^ Open Space Plan 2015-2021 Section 4 Environmental Inventory & Analysis
  19. ^ Smith, S.F. (1880). "Chapter 1: History of Newton". History of Newton, Massachusetts, Town and City, from its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, 1630–1880. The American Logotype Company. p. 13. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  20. ^ Newton's Geographic Information System: City of Newton, Massachusetts Archived February 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ "The Villages of Newton, Mass". newtoncitizens.com. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  22. ^ a b "Monthly Averages for Newton, MA (02458)". The Weather Channel. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
  23. ^ "Total Population (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1". American FactFinder, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts. United States Census Bureau. 2010.
  24. ^ "Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision - GCT-T1. Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  25. ^ "1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  26. ^ "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  27. ^ "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-10 and 21-11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  28. ^ "1920 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-5 through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  29. ^ "1890 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  30. ^ "1870 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  31. ^ "1860 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1864. Pages 220 through 226. State of Massachusetts Table No. 3. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  32. ^ "1850 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1854. Pages 338 through 393. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  33. ^ "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21–7 through 21-09, Massachusetts Table 4. Population of Urban Places of 10,000 or more from Earliest Census to 1920. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  34. ^ "City and Town Population Totals: 2020−2022". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 25, 2023.
  35. ^ "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Newton city, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau.
  36. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Newton city, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau.
  37. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Newton city, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau.
  38. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  39. ^ "Jewish Population in the United States, 2002" (PDF). Center for Judaic Studies and Contemporary Jewish Life4. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 13, 2006.
  40. ^ "2011–2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". Retrieved July 1, 2017.[permanent dead link‍]
  41. ^ "QuickFacts Newton City, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  42. ^ "Labor Market Information". lmi2.detma.org. February 7, 2013. Archived from the original on August 15, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
  43. ^ "TripAdvisor hopes lavish new headquarters in Needham will boost hiring". betaboston.com. Archived from the original on February 27, 2016. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  44. ^ "SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
  45. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 5, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
  46. ^ "HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
  47. ^ Powers, Keith (November 3, 2015). "A new chapter for New Philharmonia". Wicked Local. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  48. ^ Staff, BMInt (November 1, 2015). "New Phil Embarks on 21st Season". The Boston Musical Intelligencer. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  49. ^ Eichler, Jeremy (April 10, 2013). "Michel Sasson, 77; BSO violinist cofounded Newton Symphony". The Boston Globe. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  50. ^ "Joanne Langione Dance Center". Newton Patch. Archived from the original on July 30, 2013.
  51. ^ "Massachusetts: Jackson Homestead (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  52. ^ Michael, Vega (April 19, 1993). "At Heartbreak Hill, a salute to a marathoner for the ages". Boston.com. Archived from the original on April 21, 2011.
  53. ^ Jenkins, Candace (September 11, 1978). NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY·· NOMINATION FORM (PDF) (Report). Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  54. ^ "Auburndale Cove Picnic Areas & Building". City of Newton. Archived from the original on April 18, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  55. ^ "Charles River Canoe & Kayak in Newton". Archived from the original on April 18, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  56. ^ "The History of Bullough's Pond". Bullough's Pond Association. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  57. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  58. ^ "Newton Scenic Roads" (PDF). www.ci.newton.ma.us. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2011.
  59. ^ "History". www.fbcnewton.org. Archived from the original on December 26, 2014.
  60. ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". www.fccinfo.com. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  61. ^ "Council Members". City of Newton. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  62. ^ "index". Newton.k12.ma.us. Archived from the original on February 11, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  63. ^ "Middlesex Superior Court Clerk's Office". Archived from the original on July 25, 2013. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
  64. ^ Marian Ryan was appointed by Gov. Deval Patrick in April 2013 to fill the unexpired term of DA Gerry Leone, who resigned. See https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/04/23/marian-ryan-named-middlesex-governor-deval-patrick-will-hold-office-until-election/TY5BZY7POvFOyPFahy2M1M/story.html
  65. ^ "Welcome to 20/20 Perfect Vision Land Records I2". www.masslandrecords.com.
  66. ^ "Middlesex Probate and Family Court Division of the Massachusetts Court System – Main Page". Mass.gov. May 24, 2012. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  67. ^ "Welcome to the Middlesex Sheriff's Office". Middlesexsheriff.org. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  68. ^ John J. Lawn. 188th General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  69. ^ Kay S. Khan. 188th General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  70. ^ Ruth B. Balser. 188th General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  71. ^ Cynthia Stone Creem. 188th General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  72. ^ "Map: Mass. Town-By-Town Election Results". www.wbur.org. November 7, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  73. ^ "Election statistics, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts".
  74. ^ "Election statistics, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts". 1964.
  75. ^ "Election statistics, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts".
  76. ^ "Election statistics, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts". 1956.
  77. ^ "Election statistics, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts". 1952.
  78. ^ "Election statistics".
  79. ^ "Election statistics".
  80. ^ "Election statistics".
  81. ^ "Election statistics".
  82. ^ "Election statistics".
  83. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1929). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1929)". hdl:2452/40703. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  84. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1925). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1925)". hdl:2452/40701. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  85. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1921). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1921)". hdl:2452/40699. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  86. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1917). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1917)". hdl:2452/40695. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  87. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1913). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1913)". hdl:2452/40691. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  88. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1909). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1909)". hdl:2452/40687. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  89. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1905). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1905)". hdl:2452/40683. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  90. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1901). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1901)". hdl:2452/40679. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  91. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1897). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1897)". hdl:2452/40675. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  92. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1893). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1893)". hdl:2452/40671. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  93. ^ Court., Massachusetts. General (December 30, 1889). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1889)". hdl:2452/40667. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  94. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1885). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1885)". hdl:2452/40663. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  95. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1881). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1881)". hdl:2452/40659. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  96. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1877). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1877)". hdl:2452/40655. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  97. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1873). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1873)". hdl:2452/40651. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  98. ^ Court, Massachusetts General (December 30, 1869). "A manual for the use of the General Court (1869)". hdl:2452/40647. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2024 – via archives.lib.state.ma.us.
  99. ^ "Registration and Party Enrollment Statistics as of October 17, 2018" (PDF). Massachusetts Elections Division. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  100. ^ "Homepage – The Fessenden School". Fessenden School. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  101. ^ "Jackson School – Homepage". jacksonschool.org. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  102. ^ "Newton Country Day School -> Home". newtoncountryday.org. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  103. ^ "Solomon Schechter Day School: A Premier Jewish Independent School in Boston – Solomon Schechter Day School". ssdsboston.org. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  104. ^ "Wellan Montessori School". Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  105. ^ "Mount Alvernia High School". Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  106. ^ "Mount Alvernia Academy". Retrieved February 11, 2016.[permanent dead link‍]
  107. ^ a b "Massachusetts Closed Colleges". Closed College Consortium. Archived from the original on September 21, 2007. Retrieved October 23, 2007.
  108. ^ Newton Tab will end print edition in May
  109. ^ "Newton, MA Patch - Breaking News, Local News, Events, Schools, Weather, Sports and Shopping". February 23, 2024.
  110. ^ Fig City News About Page
  111. ^ "Newton Centre, Massachusetts : UnSprawl Case Study : Terrain.org". terrain.org. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  112. ^ AAA Map of Boston, Massachusetts, including Arlington, ... Newton, etc, 2007, Heathrow, Florida: AAA
  113. ^ Barbara L. Fredricksen (March 21, 2003). "For Juice, it's been a sweet ride". St. Petersburg Times.
  114. ^ Melissa Case (October 3, 2014). "'Next Karate Kid' Home in Newton Offered at $3.45M". realtor.com. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
  115. ^ Jenna Fisher, Patch Staff (March 21, 2019). [1]. Patch.com.
  116. ^ "'Patriots Day' films in Newton". Wicked Local Newton. May 18, 2016.
  117. ^ Shanahan, Mark; Goldstein, Meredith (September 11, 2013). "Cameron Diaz shooting 'Sex Tape' in Newton". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  118. ^ "Cameron Diaz, Jason Segel to shoot 'Sex Tape' in Newton". wickedlocal.com. September 9, 2013. Archived from the original on December 22, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  119. ^ "'Sex Tape', starring Cameron Diaz and Jason Segel, is filming in Newton, MA this week". onlocationvacations.com. September 10, 2013. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  120. ^ "ArchiveGrid : San Donato, Italy, Newton's Sister City, 1996–2009". beta.worldcat.org. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
  121. ^ "Newton-San Juan del Sur Sister City Project". Newton-San Juan del Sur Sister City Project. Retrieved May 27, 2017.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Directory of the town of Newton: containing a general directory of the citizens, and a business directory. 1871 Google books
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Newton, Massachusetts.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Newton.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newton,_Massachusetts&oldid=1254767112"